Tridosha, The Ayurvedic Constitution

Vata, Pitta and Kapha

We’ve  established the connection between Yoga and Ayurveda in our previous post. In Ayurveda there are three elemental humors or doshas (meaning ‘that which changes’), basic qualities or attributes which characterize their effects on the human body. These are Vata, Pitta and Kapha. They are the biological principles by which the body’s functioning is ruled. The belief in Ayurveda is that the three doshas must be in a state of equilibrium within the body, for a person to be healthy. Vata dosha is made up of space and air. Pitta dosha is made up of fire and water. Kapha is made up of water and earth.

Below are the more common physical and physiological attributes of each of the doshas. See if you can identify your predominant constitution type, keeping in mind that we are made up of more than one.

Characteristics of the Vata type
Physically underdeveloped, people of vata constitution tend to be thin and wiry, and either too tall or short. The complexion is usually dark, the skin is cold, rough, dry and cracked. The hair, scanty and brittle. Eyes are small and sunken.

When in balance, Vata people are vibrant, lively, enthusiastic, clear and alert mind, flexible, exhilarated, imaginative, sensitive, talkative and quick to respond.

When out of balance, they’re restless, unsettled, light interrupted sleep tendency to over-exert, fatigued, constipated, anxious, worried and underweight.

Factors that increase or aggravate vata include irregular routine, staying up late, irregular meals, cold, dry weather, excessive mental work, too much bitter, astringent or pungent food, traveling and injury.

Characteristics of the Pitta type
Pitta people are of slender build and medium height. Muscle development is moderate and bones are only slightly prominent. Hair is thin and silky and can be prone to early graying or hair loss. Eyes are sharp and penetrating.

When in balance, pitta people are warm, loving, contented, enjoy challenges,  have good concentration, articulate and precise speech and are courageous, bold, sharp witted and intellectual.

When out of balance, they’re demanding, perfectionist, have a tendency towards frustration and anger, get skin rashes, are irritable and impatient.

Factors that increase or aggravate pitta are excessive heat or exposure to the sun, alcohol, smoking, time pressure, deadlines, excessive activity, too much spicy, sour or salty food and skipping meals.

Characteristics of the Kapha type
People with Kapha constitution tend to have well developed bodies and hence a tendency to be overweight. They have excellent muscle development, thick skin and broad chests. Heavy builds make them physically strong. Pale complexions and soft, cold skin are common. The hair is soft, thick and lustrous. Large, soft eyes.

When in balance, Kapha people are affectionate, compassionate, forgiving, emotionally steady, relaxed, slow, methodical, have good memory, good stamina, stability and a natural resistance to sickness.

When out of balance, they’re complacent, dull, oily skin, allergies slow digestion, lethargic, possessive, over attached, tendency to oversleep, overweight

Factors that increase or aggravate kapha, include excessive rest and oversleeping, overeating, insufficient exercise, too little variety in life, heavy, unctuous foods, too much sweet, sour or salty food, cold and wet weather.

*Photo Credits: photo by Mara ~earth light~ on flickr